LabBench DISPLAY

The LabBench DISPLAY is included in experimental setups with an <display> element:

<display id="display" normative-distance="40"> 
    <typography active-colour="rgb(255,0,0)"
                inactive-colour="rgb(128,128,128)"
                foreground-colour="rgb(0,0,0)"
                background-colour="rgb(255,255,255)">
        <!-- Content omitted for brevity -->
    </typography>

    <configurations>
        <image-display id="image" 
            experimental-setup-id="image"
            background-colour="rgb(255,255,255)" />

        <questionnaire id="questionnaire" 
            experimental-setup-id="questionnaire" 
            controller-device="joystick" />

        <visual-analogue-scale id="vas" 
            experimental-setup-id="vas" 
            controller-device="joystick" 
            length="10">
            <!-- Content omitted for brevity -->
        </visual-analogue-scale>

        <numerical-scale id="nrs" 
            experimental-setup-id="nrs" 
            controller-device="joystick" 
            minimum="0" 
            maximum="10">
            <!-- Content omitted for brevity -->
        </numerical-scale>

        <categorical-scale id="crs" 
            experimental-setup-id="crs"  
            controller-device="joystick">
            <!-- Content omitted for brevity -->
        </categorical-scale>                    

        <composite-scale id="scales" 
            experimental-setup-id="cscale"  
            controller-device="joystick">
            <!-- Content omitted for brevity -->
        </composite-scale>
    </configurations>
</display>

Attributes:

Typography

Typography establishes the global typographic and colour standards for on-screen textual elements in questionnaires and rating scales. It defines default foreground, background, active, and inactive colours, as well as role-specific typography presets for titles, instructions, answers, scale modalities, anchors, and category labels across various question and scale types.

<typography active-colour="rgb(255,0,0)"
            inactive-colour="rgb(128,128,128)"
            foreground-colour="rgb(0,0,0)"
            background-colour="rgb(255,255,255)">
    <title size="28" />
    <instruction size="28" />

    <answer size="28" />
    <text-answer size="28" />
    <time-answer size="28" />
    <likert-category size="28" />
    <numerical-answer size="28" />

    <scale-modality size="28" />
    <bottom-anchor size="28" />
    <top-anchor size="28" />                    
    <crs-category size="28" border-thickness="1" colour="#000000" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
    <nrs-category size="28" />
</typography>

Attributes:

Elements:

Element typography

Attributes:

Device configurations

Image Display

An instrument that can be used for the display of images. This can be used either to display instructions to participants when procedures are inactive or to display visual stimuli for experimental procedures such as visually evoked potentials and behavioural procedures (Stroop, Flanker, Stop-Signal tasks, etc.).

<image-display id="image" 
    experimental-setup-id="image"
    background-colour="rgb(255,255,255)" />

Attributes:

Questionnaire

Displays questionnaires for participants to complete, which can be used to ask the participants to provide answers to:

• Boolean Questions: binary questions answered with either a true or false statement.
• Numerical Questions: numbers provided by the participant but entered by the operator.
• Text Questions: verbal answers provided by the participant but entered by the operator.
• Likert Questions: A scale that captures how strongly someone agrees, disagrees, or feels about a statement using a fixed set of ordered response options.
• List Questions: A set of binary statements that each can be either true or false.
• Time Questions: a date and time provided by the participant, entered by the operator.
• Map Questions: a set of regions, such as a body map, where each region can be marked.
• Categorical Rating Questions: rating of a sensation on a categorical scale.
• Numerical Rating Questions: rating of a sensation on a numerical scale.
• Visual Rating Questions: rating of a sensation on a visual analog rating scale.

For the participants to fill out these questions, the controller-device must define the following buttons:

• up, down: Is used by Boolean and Likert questions to set answers, and is used by List and Map questions to navigate between answers.* left, right: Is used by Map questions to navigate between answers.
• increase, decrease: Is used by Map, List, Likert, and Rating questions to set answers.
• previous, next: used to navigate between questions.

If the controller-device also implements the Joystick instrument, this joystick can be used to move between selected areas in map questions.

<questionnaire id="questionnaire" 
    experimental-setup-id="questionnaire" 
    controller-device="joystick" />

Attributes:

Visual Analogue Scale

A visual analogue scale (VAS) represents a ratio scale along which observers report the perceived magnitude of a subjective sensation. A ratio scale means that responses are defined on a continuum, with a true zero corresponding to the absence of the perceptual quantity, and equal distances along the scale correspond to equal increments in perceived magnitude. As a consequence, ratios between values are interpretable (e.g., a response at 60 can be meaningfully understood as twice the perceived intensity of a response at 30, under the assumptions of the scale).

The scale is defined by a modality and the lower and upper anchors of the perceptual dimension. The lower anchor denotes the null intensity of the sensation, while the upper anchor denotes the maximum subjectively imaginable intensity for that modality. The scale is also defined by its physical length, typically 10cm.

For its operation, its controller-device must implement a Button instrument with the following button-assignments:

• increase: increase the rating on the scale.
• decrease: decrease the rating on the scale.

<visual-analogue-scale id="vas" 
    experimental-setup-id="vas" 
    controller-device="joystick" 
    length="10">
    <anchors>
        <modality text="Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Smerte" />
        </modality>
        <bottom-anchor text="No Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Ingen smerte" />
        </bottom-anchor>
        <top-anchor text="Maximal Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Maksimal smerte" />
        </top-anchor>
    </anchors>
</visual-analogue-scale>

Attributes:

Numerical Scale

With a numerical rating scale (NRS), observers report the perceived magnitude of a subjective sensation by selecting a value from an ordered numeric set. In LabBench, an NRS is treated as an interval scale, meaning that equal numeric differences are intended to correspond to equal differences in perceived magnitude, but the zero point does not constitute a true absence of the perceptual quantity in a measurement-theoretic sense. Consequently, differences between values are interpretable, whereas ratios are not (e.g., the difference between ratings 6 and 8 is meaningful, but a rating of 8 cannot be interpreted as “twice” the intensity of a rating of 4).

The scale is defined by a modality and the lower and upper anchors of the perceptual dimension. The lower anchor denotes the null intensity of the sensation, while the upper anchor denotes the maximum subjectively imaginable intensity for that modality. The anchors serve as reference points for minimal and maximal perceived intensity, without implying a physically or perceptually absolute zero. Responses are restricted to discrete steps between a minum and maximum integer value.

For its operation, its controller-device must implement a Button instrument with the following button-assignments:

• increase: increase the rating on the scale.
• decrease: decrease the rating on the scale.

<numerical-scale id="nrs" 
    experimental-setup-id="nrs" 
    controller-device="joystick" 
    minimum="0" 
    maximum="10">

    <anchors>
        <modality text="Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Smerte" />
        </modality>
        <bottom-anchor text="No Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Ingen smerte" />
        </bottom-anchor>
        <top-anchor text="Maximal Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Maksimal smerte" />
        </top-anchor>
    </anchors>                        
</numerical-scale>

Attributes:

Categorical Scale

A categorical rating scale (CRS) represents an ordered set of discrete response categories used to report the perceived magnitude or quality of a subjective sensation. CRS scales are ordinal scales, meaning that the ordering of categories is meaningful, but neither the magnitude of differences between adjacent categories nor ratios between categories is defined or assumed to be equal. As a result, comparisons are limited to statements of greater-than or less-than (e.g., category C indicates more perceived intensity than category B), without any metric interpretation of spacing.

The scale is defined by a modality and a finite set of semantically labelled categories spanning the response range from minimal to maximal perceived intensity.

For its operation, its controller-device must implement a Button instrument with the following button-assignments:

• increase: increase the rating on the scale.
• decrease: decrease the rating on the scale.

<categorical-scale id="crs" 
    experimental-setup-id="crs" 
    controller-device="joystick">
    <anchors>
        <modality text="Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Smerte" />
        </modality>
        <bottom-anchor text="No Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Ingen smerte" />
        </bottom-anchor>
        <top-anchor text="Maximal Pain">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Maksimal smerte" />
        </top-anchor>
    </anchors>      
    <categories>
        <category text="None">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Ingen" />
        </category>
        <category text="Mild">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Mild" />
        </category>
        <category text="Moderate">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Moderat" />
        </category>
        <category text="Severe">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Alvorlig" />
        </category>
        <category text="Extreme">
            <localized-text language="da" text="Ekstrem" />
        </category>
    </categories>                  
</categorical-scale>                    

Attributes:

Composite Scale

A composite scale consists of one or more psychophysical rating scales, each of which can be a visual analog, numerical, or categorical scale. It is possible, but not recommended, to mix scales; the most common configuration is a single scale.

For its operation, it must be assigned a controller-device that must implement a Button instrument with the following button-assignments:

• increase: increase the rating on the currently active scale.
• decrease: decrease the rating on the current active scale.
• previous: activate the previous scale in the defined set of scales.
• next: activate the next scale in the defined set of scales.

If only one scale is defined, the previous and next buttons will have no effect.

<composite-scale id="scales" 
    experimental-setup-id="cscale" 
    controller-device="joystick">

    <visual-analogue-scale id="pain" length="10">
        <anchors>
            <!-- See visual analogue rating scale for an example on definition of scale anchors  -->
        </anchors>                                                                                                                
    </visual-analogue-scale>

    <numerical-scale id="nrs" 
        minimum="0" 
        maximum="10">
        <anchors>
            <!-- See numerical rating scale for an example on definition of scale anchors  -->
        </anchors>                        
    </numerical-scale>

    <categorical-scale id="crs">
        <anchors>
            <!-- See categorical scale for an example on definition of scale anchors  -->
        </anchors>      
        <categories>
            <!-- See categorical scale for an example on definition of scale categories  -->
        </categories>                  
    </categorical-scale>                    
</composite-scale>

Attributes: